Engineering accomplishments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Engineering accomplishments - Essay Example When the seals are exposed to temperatures above 5000 0F, they are not able to withstand for an extended period. Therefore, there has a been the need to develop an engineering technology that would ensure that the temperatures emanating from the motor joints do not damage the O-rings. The development of the rocket motor joint with thermal barriers was a major 21st century breakthrough. It has ensured that the heat generated by the motor joints is contained. This paper places into perspective the development of the thermal barriers in the rocket motor joints and the benefits that the engineering technology has brought. High temperatures in rocket systems require a thermal barrier. An efficient thermal barrier is one that is composed of a carbon fiber, which forms the core while braided carbon fibers, forms part of the layers. The layers are usually found around the core. The protection of the components of the rocket that cannot bear high temperatures is very vital, for example the elastomeric O-rings seals both the primary and secondary ones requires to be protected against high temperatures(Patrick  et al 577). This made it possible to develop an innovation that will see efficiency in the rocket in order to make the work of space exploration easy and efficient. Additionally, the thermal barriers are required in any other machines, especially that require high efficiency and are used for extended periods. The development of the Rocket Motor Joint with thermal barrier was considered the NASA Government invention of the year in 2004 (National Aeronautics and Space Exploration 14). This is because of its capacity to withstand extremely high temperatures. The development was made in consideration of the current as well as future rocket motors, some of which have been under development. In addition, it is not limited to use in the motors since it can also be uses in other equipment such as industrial

The Atlantic Slave Trade Essay Example for Free

The Atlantic Slave Trade Essay The Atlantic Slave Trade had a both positive and negative impact on those involved in it to an extent. Britain’s economy benefited greatly from the slave trade as many industries flourished. This was an immense opportunity for those who were unemployed as it provided thousands of jobs. People were employed in industries like the building and repair of slave ships, selling the goods produced by slaves such as sugar and cotton, and banking. This resulted in the slave trade becoming the financial base of development of Britain. However, not everyone benefited from this trade as it had an enormous negative impact on Africa’s society and economy. The 37 years of slave capturing and exporting resulted in wars between tribes and drained Africa’s population of 12 million of its strongest youth. This resulted in Africa’s economic development in being hindered. For Africans the physical experience of slavery was painful, traumatic and long-lasting. Britain benefited from the slave trade in many ways including the economy, as slavery became part of the financial base of development in Britain. Many economic factors contributed to slavery including the demands of plantation farming, servant slaves and the growth of the slave trade as its own industry. Plantation farming emerged as a way to earn a profitable crop and dominated the southern colonies. In plantations African slaves worked in hundreds from dawn until dusk producing goods that supplied Britain. These goods consisted of sugar, cotton, tobacco and rum. All these crops were very labour intensive requiring hundreds of workers to preserve them. The British became the largest and most efficient carriers of slaves to the new world. Therefore huge profits were made by the labour of unpaid slaves. Liverpool and Bristol were the main trading ports in Britain, Liverpool alone made  £300,000 per year from the slave trade. Scotland was also heavily involved in the slave trade, Scots went out to colonies and generated great wealth for Scotland based on slave labour. Glasgow’s â€Å"Tobacco Lords† profited from the slave trade, as did the merchants of London, Liverpool and Bristol. The city of London catered the economic services that were necessary for the slave trade, this included insurance and loans for slave traders. F.G Kay wrote about the social changes that happened in Britain following the growth of the slave trade, in a book named â€Å"The Shameful Trade† published in 1967. He states â€Å"the slave trade created a new class of wealthy colonial  families†. Bristol merchants who were great dealers increased their trade with the islands of the Caribbean. They also became specialists in trading with West Africa and retailing captured slaves. The trade also created, sustained and relied on a large support of shipping services, ports and finance companies employing tho usands of ordinary people. Many slave ships were need and thousands of jobs were created through this. Jobs in making slave ships, repairing, financing and insuring all flourished. By 1780 Liverpool had become the largest slave-ship building site in Britain. This also provided thousands of sailors with work. . Insurance was one of the biggest industries during the slave trade, insurance and long term loans created new opportunities for making more money. Slave merchants and sugar plantation owners needed to borrow money to keep their businesses going. Merchants involved in the triangular trade found that insurance was vital because if their ship hit a storm during the voyage its cargo could be lost, and if that ship is not insured then they could lose everything. There were huge profits in selling the goods produced by slaves such as cotton, sugar and tobacco. Thousands of people were employed in factories to make exportable goods that were traded in for slaves in Africa these were guns, textiles and pottery. People were also employed in making brass and copper in Yorkshire, weavers in Birmingham, chain makers and sugar refiners in Greenock. The slave trade made Britain the world’s leading sea power and it helped finance the indus trial revolution. The British government made a fortune from the taxes related to the slave trade. Nonetheless not everyone profited from the slave trade, The Atlantic Slave Trade had enormous negative effects on the continent of Africa. Many parts of Africa suffered from an increase in violence, drain of people and an economy increasingly reliant on slavery. As a result of this Africa fell behind the rest of the world. Having fewer young healthy people to produce food would make famine more likely and the rates of death worse. Slavery led to the movement of thousands of people across Africa, allowing disease to spread between different parts of Africa. A lot of good land was left uncultivated and not looked after because there were not enough young people left to farm it. African slaves took with them their religion, traditions, cooking, clothes, music and dance. These had a negative impact on Americans  as it led to voodoo in the West Indies. The slave trade encouraged conflicts between African tribes, raids and kidnapping. The demand for more slaves led to increased hatred and violence between communities in Africa. There was also the spread of racist ideology to justify the enslavement of Africans. It is estimated that up to 12 million Africans were snatched from their homeland shipped to the Caribbean to work on plantations. Thousands of African villages were ruined as they were raided for slaves. The farming in Africa changed to grow crops which were brought to supply slave ships. African chiefs and kings stopped ruling by law as they became greedy cunning tradesmen. The 37 years of slave capturing and exporting drained Africa of millions of its strongest youth. As a result of this the population became unbalanced and the adult male population was reduced to 20%. Overall Africa was the only continent to be affected in this way, and because of the loss in population it became a major factor leading to its economic hardship. John Newton was a British slave trader in West Africa. In a small extract from his journal he comments on the immoral methods used between Africans and Europeans, he states â€Å"Europeans try to cheat Africans at every turn. Any article of trade that can be cheapened is so. Spirits are diluted with water, kegs of gunpowder have false bottoms and pieces are cut out of rolls of cloth†. In conclusion it is clear that Britain benefited from the Atlantic Slave Trade. We know this because of how it boosted the British economy as many industries grew, created thousands of jobs and supplied Britain with essential everyday life goods. We also know that colonies were established on the backs of hard-working African slaves. However not everyone benefited from the slave trade as it made Africa suffer greatly. Up to 12 million young strong Africans were forced out of their homelands and brought to the Caribbean to work without pay. Families separated and sold to go and work on plantations from dawn until dusk. Thousands of villages were wrecked because of the raiding for slaves. African leaders became dishonest, deceptive greedy tradesmen which resulted in Africa becoming corrupt.

Using Counselling Skills Essay -- Papers

Using Counselling Skills Before I started I went over a contract and I told Jillian how I was using the content of the session to write an assignment for the course that I am doing at college and that only myself, my course tutor and maybe an outside assessor for the course would see what was written about the session and that she could read the assignment before I showed anyone else. I stated that almost everything that was said to me would be confidential, although working along the B.A.C.P ethical guidelines, confidentiality may have to be broken if it became clear that serious harm may be caused to others or herself. We agreed that this would be a one off session that would last around 30 minutes. I explained a little about Person-Centred counselling to Jillian, I explained that counselling is a way of using a relationship, in this case between myself (acting as the counsellor) to facilitate the development of the Jillian (the client). It works on the assumption that if I am able to offer Jillian a relationship characterised by empathy, acceptance and genuineness, and if Jillian is able to perceive and appreciate these qualities, then she will feel safe enough to disclose hidden aspects of her self which could be upsetting to her. The fact that I can accept these previously hidden parts of Jillian’s self (unconditional positive regard), helps her to accept them too. The counselling took place in Jillian’s home. Jillian stated that she had been thinking of a subject to talk about and had decided that she would like to talk about the relationship she has with Tony a man who she calls her boyfriend but who is married to an... ...hought of me. It’s really helped.† I feel I demonstrated unconditional positive regard (acceptance) by being non-judgemental and warm towards Jillian. Even though I may not have approved of what she was doing I did not allow her behaviours to influence adversely my regard for her. I demonstrated genuineness (congruence) by my general manner towards Jillian. I did not pretend or simulate responses towards Jillian, I feel that I was sincere towards her and that she was able to trust me because of this. I empathised with Jillian and tried to look at her situation from her point of view, hopefully showing an understanding of her feelings and thoughts helping her to focus more clearly on her underlying feelings which in turn allowed her to move forward and make progress. Overall I feel the session went well.

The Common Theme in the Songs of Good Charlotte :: Good Charlotte Music Bands Essays

The Common Theme in the Songs of Good Charlotte There are three specific songs sung by Good Charlotte that all have a common theme. The songs are called Wondering, Emotionless, and Predictable. In all of these songs the common theme of relationships is reoccurring. There are successful and failed relationships as well as relationships with family members and girlfriends. In the song Wondering, by Good Charlotte a boy is happy that he found somebody that he can trust and wants to be around. He tells her that he is willing to wait for her and wants to be with her forever. Emotionless, is about a boy who is writing to his father who abandoned his family during his childhood. He asks him why he was never around, how they struggled to survive and that he misses him. In the song Predictable, it’s about a boy’s relationship with a girl who he loved and she turned out to break his heart. This boy becomes broken because he knew the girl was so predictable. The main theme in the three songs is having or being in a relationship. Each song is talking about a relationship with either a family member or a girlfriend. Most songs these days are written about relationships and this usually makes the song more interesting to listen to. When people write songs they usually write about their feelings or personal experiences that they have had. All of these songs were written about things that had happened to certain people in the past. Songwriters find it easier to write songs about what may be going on in there life or what may have happened in the past. To them it’s a way of expressing themselves and maybe releasing stress. Two of the songs deal with relationships with a girlfriend. In Predictable, it’s more about a girl that left a boy (this isn’t the first time, that you left me waiting. Sad excuses and false hopes high, I saw this coming, still I don’t know why, I let you in).

Commemorative Speech Essay

Different personal types exist around the world. Each type is specific for each person, and it is how we can see differences from the other people. My type of personality abbreviation is (ESTJ). It means that I am (E) extravert, (S) sensing, (T) thinking and (J) judging. On the other hand my learning style preference is a combination of aural and kinesthetic because I think that we need to listen or see methods to learn anything. It means that you need to practice or you need that someone tells you how can you do anything for you know how can you do it. Personally I think that you learn when you practice what you want to learn. As I say, I am extravert. I think that it helps in my process of learning because it makes be able to explain and discuss my points of view, that I can have many friends that can help me with anything that I need and the most important thing that I can work with my class mates in a friendly environment that facilitates the process of learning. For example, I am Colombian and English is not my first language. Sometimes I do not understand some things, but I try to make many friends in each Santiesteban 2 class and they have helped me so much in the homework‘s or classwork‘s that I maybe do not understand. I also try to speak every time with them and it helps to improve my English in the short time that I have been here. Secondly, I tend to be sensing and I think that allows to me be specific in what I need to learn and that I take methods, examples or ideas that I already learned to apply for life. For example in the process of learning when I need to learn anything, I need specific explanations of How can I do it and personally I think that the specific answers are the best method to learn because it gives you the way that you must follow step by step to finally get what you want, in this case learn what you need. Third, I choose thinking, being a thinking person is appropriate in a learning process because you can make good decisions without involving your feelings, do your things being impartial and impersonal, you are fair with everything you do and do not think about the causes but the impact. An example of this is the teachers, they have to be thinking people because they have to be impersonal at the time of rank and rate the student and don’t think if they are close to them or know them or are friends with them. They have to be fair with every decision they make, and if they involve feelings they do wrong their job and teaching in a bad way that later will affect the student to a short or long term. Santiesteban 3 Finally, I am a judging person and I think is a thing that could have a big influence in your life; like you can have an exigent life, and be demanding with the decisions you make, keeping your things in order and being responsible with all that I have to do, thinking about the future and what the decision would bring to me. Being a judging person is better for learning because you require much effort of you and every time you are asking yourself for more and not conforming to a lame job, working firmly until the end and never giving up on things you started, always being punctual and showing that you can get really good results if you work hard. I think that it helped me so much because I learned things about my personality and my learning style that really I did not know and now I can use these things to make my process of learning easier. I define myself principally as a responsible person. I think that it is where we have to base to get our goals. If we are responsible and we work with effort, I am sure that we can get whatever we want. I need to know difference when use the aural style to learning and when use the kinesthetic style because I tend to use always the aural style, but sometimes we need to make the things, I learn from the experience of something that we have practiced before.

Importance of saying No in Antigone Essays

Importance of saying No in Antigone Essays Importance of saying No in Antigone Paper Importance of saying No in Antigone Paper Essay Topic: Antigone In the play Antigone saying No is very significant. All the major characters did refuse to do something or the other all throughout the play. All the major characters like Antigone, Creon, and Ismene did say no a lot in this play. Saying no can be seen as a sign of stubbornness. All the characters said no as they had an obvious reason One of the most significant event in the book is when Ismene said no and decided not to help Antigone in burying Polynices. Ismene believed that women should not fight with men and she was also scared that Creon might kill them. This helps to bring about the character of Ismene in the book. She was seen as more of a girl type as compared to Antigone and she believed that men are the only one who dies for ideas and women should not. Ismene was in a state of confusion throughout the play. At first she refused to help Antigone in burying Polynices, and then she finally decided to join with Antigone, but she was already too late as Antigone rejected her company. Ismene tried to help and she conveyed to her that what she wanted to do was wrong, she tried to help Antigone but Antigone was too stubborn and didnt listen to Ismene. Ismene knew that if Antigone had done her deed she would be killed. Antigone was also the one that said no to almost everything. Antigone was a very strong headed girl and she was very focused and determined to bury her own brother Polynices. One of the most significant event was that when Antigone said no to the king and insisted on burying Polynices. She didnt follow the secular law, the law that the king uphold and followed. This brings out her character and also it helps in the plot development. This showed that Antigone believed that what she was doing was right. She had all the reasons to bury Polynices and she was not scared to face her own death. Antigone cant hate but love, this was one of the most important reason why she tried to bury Polynices. Although she knew that she was going to be killed but she believed that she owed it to him to give him a good burial. This was the reason in which Antigone was finally killed. I didnt say yes. I can say no to anything I say vile, and I dont have to count the cost. But because you said yes, all that you can do, for all your crown and your trappings, and your guards-all that your can do is to have me killed, this whole line shows that Antigone said no to all that was vile, King Creon didnt actually want to execute Antigone but he had to as it was his own rule that anyone that tries to bury the body of Polynices will be put to death. Another event which is significant is when Antigone said no to her nurse. Her nurse was like a mother to Antigone. She had been taking care of Antigone the whole time. She serves as a comfort for Antigone, I can hold your calloused hand, your hand that is so prompt to ward off evil, this line shows that Antigone needed her nurse and that she helps her to ward off all the evils. But then the nurse accused her of going out at night to meet a lover and Antigone didnt tell her the truth. Antigone was repeatedly asked what was wrong with her, but she never told her nurse the truth. Where is your pain, the nurse asked Antigone but she didnt reply and just replied nowhere. Antigone constantly said no to her nurse and didnt tell her what she had done. Then Antigone told her nurse to promise to take care of her dog. This event shows that Antigone knew that she was going to be killed, but then she was not afraid. She was very sure that whatever she has done was the right thing to do and she did not regret and was not sorry for whatever she has done. King Creon was also very persistent believed and couldnt say no to the law he has made. His tragic flaw was that he was self- righteous and he believed that the divine law can be replaced by the human law and he believed that every women like Antigone should be killed or put to death so there will be natural balance and that no woman can ever best a man. One of the most important conversation in the play was when Antigone said no to you, and die, then Creon replied by saying that it is very easy to say no(pg 51). This whole conversation shows the state of confusion that Creon and Antigone Is in and it also shows the grudge Antigone had. Saying no in the play Antigone is very significant in giving or revealing the character of each of the character and also it helps in the plot development. It also gives us an account of each of the character attitude towards life.

Why Healthcare Jobs Are On The Rise

Why Healthcare Jobs Are On The Rise The health care industry is booming and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future, offering good pay and job security. The expansion in health care jobs is due to several reasons. Those interested in pursuing a career in the healthcare field can find many opportunities for employment. The reasons for an increasing number of workers in the field is twofold. SEE ALSO:Â  Top 5 Overlooked and Rewarding Healthcare CareersIncreasing Job Opportunities in Health CareAccording to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the need for qualified health care workers in different sectors will increase by 19 percent by 2024. There are already 18.9 million individuals employed in the healthcare field, which is almost four million more than in 2005. This increase in the need for healthcare workers outpaces all other professions. Healthcare workers, as an average, also show a higher median income than other professions.America’s Aging PopulationSince the baby boomer generation started reac hing the age of 65 several years ago, the number of older Americans who require health care services has increased exponentially. In addition, life expectancies have jumped considerably. By 2050, men are expected to live to 80 and women to 86, according to Everyday Health. This increase of the number of senior citizens with longer lifespans adds to the need for health care workers across the board. In addition, as current healthcare worker retire, replacements are needed. From senior retirement homes and nursing centers to physicians, pharmacists, rehabilitation services and other workers, opportunities will expand for health care positions.More People Have Health InsuranceThe Affordable Care Act has allowed millions of persons to enroll in health insurance plans. Medicaid has also expanded in many states, allowing those previously without health insurance to be covered. Individuals can no longer be refused insurance coverage due to pre-existing conditions. This expansion lets many previously uninsured individuals seek health care treatments and adds to the need for healthcare workers.Health Care JobsAlthough all healthcare jobs are expected to grow over the years, the following jobs were chosen as some of the best jobs for growth outlook by 2022, according to a 2015 report on one website that rates jobs. These include audiologist, expected to grow by 34 percent, dental hygienist by 33 percent, dietician by 21 percent, physical therapist by 36 percent and medical records jobs by 22 percent. Other healthcare jobs are following suit in hospital, clinic and physician offices, home healthcare, nursing and assisted living situations and other areas.Healthcare jobs are growing, and it can be a good time to get into these professions for steady employment in the future. TheJobNetwork conducts job searches for you and sends listings to your email in the form of alerts, so you can choose the right job for you. All you do is fill out your qualifications and job interest s to sign up with TheJobNetwork, and you are on your way to a new job.

Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective essayEssay Writing Service

Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective essayEssay Writing Service Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective essay Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective essayThe knowledge of human development is crucial for the adequate understanding of specific needs of clients by a clinical mental health counselor. Clinical mental health counselors should be aware of the human development and the impact of the specific stage of the cognitive development of clients on their mental health, physical health, and their current condition. At the same time, clinical mental health counselors should take into consideration individual peculiarities of each client, which may affect the current condition and mental health of each client since stages of cognitive development are not identical and may have certain variations depending on the individual peculiarities, personal traits of character, social environment and other factors.Why is knowledge of human development over the lifespan important for Clinical Mental Health Counselors to be aware of?Discuss how an understanding of human growth and development can as sist the clinical mental health counselor, described,   critiqued and support with cited referencesThe understanding of human growth and development can help the clinical mental health counselor to perform his/her professional functions effectively. In fact, the clinical mental health counselor can use the knowledge of human growth and development to determine specificities of the particular stage of the development of a client and develop the strategy of work with the client on the ground of this information (Gregas, 2006). For example, if a clinical mental health counselor deals with an adolescent client, he/she should be aware of the fact that adolescents are inclined to the unstable behavior because of consistent changes that occur at this stage of their cognitive and physiological development. In such a case, some ‘unusual’ behavior patterns may be explained by the use of drugs because the risk of drug abuse among adolescents is high. As a result, some mental hea lth problems in adolescents may be explained by such issues as drug abuse, while older patients have lower risks of the development of such problems caused by the drug abuse. In fact, such nuances can be traced at different stages of the cognitive development of individuals and the transition to every new stage is accompanied by changes which may have certain impact on their mental health or psychological condition.At the same time, the analysis of the mental health and psychological condition of patients along with the analysis of their specific stage of their cognitive development allows the clinical mental health counselor to identify disturbing issues in the development and growth of the client. For example, if psychological tests, analysis of the physiological and psychological development of the client reveal the fact that the current stage of the cognitive development does not match the age of the client, then this means that the client has problems in his/her cognitive devel opment and probably mental health (Gregas, 2006). For example, if a client has reached adulthood physiologically being at the age of 22, but preserves models of behavior and manifests the level of the cognitive development that is normally attributed to adolescents, then the client may have considerable mental health problems, which clinical mental health counselors should come prepared to deal with the client, whose psychological development, the level of language development and the overall emotional and mental development do not match the actual age of the client and the cognitive stage the client had to reach by that age.In such a way, the understanding of human growth and development facilitates the work of the clinical mental health counselor and complements basic approaches to counseling. At the same time, clinical mental health counselors should not rely entirely on human growth and cognitive development of individuals in the development of the treatment plan and delivery of counseling services to clients (Tummala-Narra, 2013). In this respect, they should take into consideration personal specificities of each client and develop the personalized approach to each customer, taking into consideration general understanding of human growth and development. The understanding of specificities of human growth and development complements the professional knowledge of clinical mental health counselors but do not replace it. Therefore, clinical mental health counselors should elaborate effective approaches to the work with each client. In this regard, clinical mental health counselors should combine their knowledge and understanding of mental health of their clients along with the general understanding of human growth and development to avoid pitfalls, when they may misinterpret some normal problems in the personal cognitive development that individuals may have and diagnose them as mental health issues.Discuss and indicated a basic understanding of why the knowl edge of human development over the lifespan is important and applied information to the field of clinical mental health counseling and supported information with cited references.In fact, the understanding of human growth and development is important because it expands the knowledge of clinical mental health counselors about their clients and their development. In such a way, the understanding of human growth and development contributes to the elaboration of the holistic approach to the development of the counseling plan for each particular client. The human growth and development affects the personal development of clients. For example, some psychological problems experienced by clients in the childhood may have a considerable impact on their adult life (Watts, 2003). As a result, mental health problems of clients of clinical mental health counselors may have roots in their poor cognitive development. In such a way, clinical mental health counselors can conduct the in-depth analysi s of mental health and psychological problems of their clients and elaborate effective treatment. Therefore, clinical mental health counselor can develop effective strategies of the treatment which are impossible without understanding of the human growth and development.Furthermore, the understanding of the human growth and development contributes to the enhancement of the counseling services delivered by the clinical mental health counselor to clients. In this respect, it is worth mentioning the fact that the understanding of the specific stage of the cognitive development of clients can help the clinical mental health counselor to identify current needs of clients, their problems and possible solutions to those problems (Lucke, 2014). In such a way, the understand of how clients grow and develop can help the clinical mental health counselor to identify effective ways to reach the actual level of the cognitive development as well as to find effective ways to reach positive trends i n the cognitive development of clients along with the elaboration of positive behavioral patterns. Thus, the understanding of human growth and development can help the clinical mental health counselor to stimulate the development of positive behavioral patterns and tackle those mental health problems, which the clinical mental health counselor identifies in clients.Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective essay part 2

Contract Acquisitions Contracting and the FAR Essay

Contract Acquisitions Contracting and the FAR - Essay Example Under such suits, those claiming received a percentage of the money recovered. The civil swindle inquiry, which was incited by a whistle-blower who had been an employee for the firm, was another severe humiliation for the Navy that is already grappling with a criminal analysis of its major ship contractor in the Pacific, Glenn Defense Marine Asia. The company’s owner,  Leonard Glenn Francis, was detained in September on accusation of conspiring to corrupt Navy officials with money, prostitutes, and trips in exchange. Those officials aided deflect ships to certain ports where Glenn Defense submitted exaggerated bills. 3 Navy officials were charged with crimes, and 4 others, together with 2 admirals, were suspended over relation with Mr. Francis (Grossman, 2003). Investigators accused Inchcape of a diverse plan: that it paid commissions to subcontractors ready to give great discounts, and then took the variation as a substitute of refunding it to the Navy. A national subpoena issued in March 2011 anticipated that Inchcape turned over its proceedings concerning Navy ships and any discounts or rebates from subcontractors since 2002. Report show that the marine Supply unit Command unmitigated Inchcape’s biggest contract 7 times since 2010, when the Justice unit began analyzing the whistle-blower’s allegations. The firm had won at least $257 million for exertion in the Middle East under the agreement. Since 2010, the Navy has given the company at least 8 other contracts, anticipated at more than $41 million, inclusive of three years. (Grossman, 2003). The FAR does not offer adequate protection to the American people because it was called for by the President to help the periodic appraisal of existing important set of laws, The FAR committee finalized its strategy to carry out a demonstration review of presented important set of laws. In May 2012, the

The Airbus Way Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Airbus Way - Essay Example Moreover, this paper also comprehends regarding the unfairness of employees’ behaviour with the other members which have been mostly due to the improper distribution of authorization power. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Main Findings 5 Lewis’ Cross Cultural Model 5 Hofstede's Cultural Model 7 Problems Related With Airbus Cultural Diversity 9 Failure Merger Planned Between Airbus’ Parent Company EADS and BAE System 11 Conclusion 12 Recommendations 13 References 14 Bibliography 17 Introduction Airbus SAS is a subsidiary company owned by European Aeronautic Defence and Space (EADS) which is considered as one of the leading European aerospace and defence service providing company one of the world’s largest aircraft manufacturers. It operates by focusing upon the customers’ needs and preferences relying upon the expertise of employees and technological leadership. Company offers several kinds of jet-liner products, including milita ry communication aircrafts, commercial airline aircrafts and transport aircrafts. Apart from these, the company also provides multi-role military air-lifters for various observation purposes, medical evacuations, marine patrols, carrying paratroopers and cargo transports. Moreover, company manufactures, develops and supports commercial aircrafts for over 100 seats (Airbus S.A.S., 2013). At present, Airbus also offers comprehensive as well as modern product lines which include superior facilities for passenger aircrafts comprising from 107 to 525 seating capacity. Several kinds of amenities are also offered through commercial aircrafts such as A320 single-aisle aircrafts, A330 or A340 long range aircrafts, A350 XWB next-generation family aircrafts and A380 double-decker family aircrafts. Additionally, it can be observed that in its operations, Airbus tends to expand its opportunities in present competitive commercial market and broaden its product ranges by implementing expert, high skilled employees within the military markets. Moreover, company also aims at expanding its business portfolio comprising freighter aircraft products with the expectation to set new standards of operations within the general aircraft manufacturing industry sectors (Airbus S.A.S., 2013). Main Findings Lewis’ Cross Cultural Model During 1990s, British multilingual person and cross-cultural communication expert, Mr. Richard Lewis created a cultural model which till date is used to help the evaluation of the differences among divergent cultures. This model has been widely used to deliver generalized evaluation upon cultural diversity that can assist leaders to regulate their leadership styles by fulfilling different cultural needs of their employees and the stakeholders at large. This model classifies cultural differences into three main categories, such as ‘Linear-active’, ‘Multi-active’ and ‘Reactive’ (Richard Lewis Communications, 2013). Figure: The Lewis Model (Richard Lewis Communications, 2013) According to the Lewis Model it has been observed that organisations which operate under the category of a linear active culture, are basically task oriented owing to which greater focus is rendered towards technical competencies and demonstration of facts before sentimental

Literature Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Literature - Research Paper Example In the end, marriage and love undermine Helena and Hermias friendship, destroying their chance to have the kind of relationship Woolf and other feminists dream of. The desire of Helena and Hermia to get married, and the relationship Oberon has with his wife Titania, show that "A Midsummer Nights Dream" ultimately reinforces the cultural subordination of women by their husbands and lovers. As Roberts points out about Elizabethan drama in general, "unless we are very careful, these plays reinforce for women their inherited and culturally sustained sense of their own insignificance" (367). The same is certainly true of A Midsummer Nights Dream in specific; the play reinforces traditional gender roles which require women to get married and nothing else. This can be seen in the fact that all of the main female characters only want to get married. Even the dramatis personae describes the women characters as "in love with" their lover, or as "betrothed" to them. As Woolf suggests, the women are only described based on the men they associate with (82). Additionally, "A Midsummer Nights Dream has 13 men to 4 women" (Roberts 367). This shows that the play is more interested in men than women, even if the women characters do play such an important role, relatively speaking, to those of the male characters. Of course, the main female characters are Hermia and Helena. Their goals are both marriage, and both of them seem at first to be good Feminist role models. After all, they have both fled with their preferred lover, denying their fathers wishes by refusing to marry the men their fathers prefer. In the first act, Theseus warns them of the consequences of their disobedience. If Hermia does not marry Demetrius instead of Lysander, she will have either "to die the death, or to abjure / For ever the society of men" (I.i.65-66). Even when threatened with execution or being sent to a nunnery, though, Hermia is unrepetant: She would

Sustainability in Event Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sustainability in Event Industry - Essay Example Conversely, should it be run haphazardly with the managers involved taking for granted the consequences of certain action or occurrences that may be detrimental to the aforementioned, tourism is likely to be rendered; expensive, self-destructive and counterproductive to the; tourist, environment and the host communities. This underscores the importance of sustainable tourism; which has been defined by WTO (1981) as sustainable tourism development involving meeting the desires and expectants of visitors and the host regions but also protecting the areas and the culture for posterity. Tourism is only beneficial in the long run if it is managed in a manner that enhances cultural and environmental sustainability, therefore culminating into sustainable tourism; which results from careful resource management such as to ensure the aesthetic needs are met while cultural integrity and biological diversity are preserved It is estimated that over the last decade, the Caribbean could have lost o ver 80 percent of it coral reef owing to environmental degradation and host of human events; not the least among them tourist related activities (Balch, 2013). A coral reef is a system made up of corals and their remains, however therein exists thousands of living organisms such as fish marine plant and sponges, coral reefs are quite fragile and require specific condition such as access to clear sunlight and consistent salinity and temperatures to survive. In addition, many of the species living within it are interdependent thus removal of some spices sets off a chain of reactions that may decimate the whole coral ecosystem. Despite the fact that the biodiversity of the coral is one of the main reasons tourists visit the Caribbean they directly and indirectly have been responsible for a lot of the damage. For example, the many ships and liners ferrying tourist to this destination cause a great deal of water pollution and this negatively affects coral life, in addition the culture of sport fishing has resulted in the dwindling of the number of aquatic organisms (Brown, 2013). Some of the fishing methods used include using cyanide and explosives, this not only directly poison the reef but cause it mechanical damage. In addition, with the growth of the industry, more ports and piers are being built and some are built on top of or at the edge of coral reefs resulting in further damage, this is not to mention a thriving trade in souvenirs made out of coral. Ultimately, from the trends observed, the tourism industry is killing the very object that has made it grow as such without proper management, the tourist and locals will soon eliminate the every reason there is tourism and the industry will collapse in the long run due to unsustainability. This is just one many examples of unsustainable tourism which if unchecked will likely jeopardize the future of tourism, however in move towards self-preservation, the tourism industry is taking mitigate action prominent amon gst which is promotion of ecotourism. Ecotourism funder mentally involves visiting previously undisturbed natural environments with the intention of admiring and learning from them while causing the minimum disturbance (Ramaswamy & Kumar, 2010). Through eco-tourism tours managers

Changing Climates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Changing Climates - Essay Example This increase has been caused by an increase in the greenhouse gases as humans continue to burn more fossil fuel. The other impact is an increase in the number of asthma related cases especially for the younger generations. The main reason behind this is the smog that results from emission of carbon dioxide gases. With respect to the State of Maine, the most probable impact that would affect the people living in this region is rise in ocean water. Since this nation is in close proximity to the sea, an increase in its level would have devastating effects both to the people and to the economic performance of the nation. Additionally, being an industrialized nation, the people living in Maine could be at a higher risk of experiencing increased asthma cases. This is because the developed countries have high levels of carbon dioxide emissions, which are in turn responsible for creation of smog that causes an increase in the number of asthma cases in

Sustainability in Event Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sustainability in Event Industry - Essay Example Conversely, should it be run haphazardly with the managers involved taking for granted the consequences of certain action or occurrences that may be detrimental to the aforementioned, tourism is likely to be rendered; expensive, self-destructive and counterproductive to the; tourist, environment and the host communities. This underscores the importance of sustainable tourism; which has been defined by WTO (1981) as sustainable tourism development involving meeting the desires and expectants of visitors and the host regions but also protecting the areas and the culture for posterity. Tourism is only beneficial in the long run if it is managed in a manner that enhances cultural and environmental sustainability, therefore culminating into sustainable tourism; which results from careful resource management such as to ensure the aesthetic needs are met while cultural integrity and biological diversity are preserved It is estimated that over the last decade, the Caribbean could have lost o ver 80 percent of it coral reef owing to environmental degradation and host of human events; not the least among them tourist related activities (Balch, 2013). A coral reef is a system made up of corals and their remains, however therein exists thousands of living organisms such as fish marine plant and sponges, coral reefs are quite fragile and require specific condition such as access to clear sunlight and consistent salinity and temperatures to survive. In addition, many of the species living within it are interdependent thus removal of some spices sets off a chain of reactions that may decimate the whole coral ecosystem. Despite the fact that the biodiversity of the coral is one of the main reasons tourists visit the Caribbean they directly and indirectly have been responsible for a lot of the damage. For example, the many ships and liners ferrying tourist to this destination cause a great deal of water pollution and this negatively affects coral life, in addition the culture of sport fishing has resulted in the dwindling of the number of aquatic organisms (Brown, 2013). Some of the fishing methods used include using cyanide and explosives, this not only directly poison the reef but cause it mechanical damage. In addition, with the growth of the industry, more ports and piers are being built and some are built on top of or at the edge of coral reefs resulting in further damage, this is not to mention a thriving trade in souvenirs made out of coral. Ultimately, from the trends observed, the tourism industry is killing the very object that has made it grow as such without proper management, the tourist and locals will soon eliminate the every reason there is tourism and the industry will collapse in the long run due to unsustainability. This is just one many examples of unsustainable tourism which if unchecked will likely jeopardize the future of tourism, however in move towards self-preservation, the tourism industry is taking mitigate action prominent amon gst which is promotion of ecotourism. Ecotourism funder mentally involves visiting previously undisturbed natural environments with the intention of admiring and learning from them while causing the minimum disturbance (Ramaswamy & Kumar, 2010). Through eco-tourism tours managers

Leadership and Management Style at Google Research Paper

Leadership and Management Style at Google - Research Paper Example According to Daft and Lane (2008, p.17), leadership develops â€Å"a compelling vision for the future and creates far-sighted strategies for producing the changes† required to achieve that vision. Thus, while leadership requires an eye on the long-term future, management calls for a focus on the bottom line and short-term results.   Shared Leadership at Google â€Å"Google’s goal is to organize the world’s information† (Duin & Baer, 2010, p.35). The company is ahead of schedule to meet its high target. The previous Chief Executive Officer at Google, Eric Schmidt has been replaced by Larry Page. In 2001 the Board of Directors of the company had brought in Schmidt to supervise the then 27-year-old founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin. For one decade, Google’s management structure was described as a three-ring circus with the co-founders Page and Brin running the business behind the scenes, while Schmidt formed the public face. Currently, the three ma nagers who were equally involved in making decisions mutually agreed on Page taking the stage. Eric Schmidt stated that the earlier â€Å"triumvirate approach had real benefits in terms of shared wisdom† (Schermerhorn, Osborn, Uhlbien & Hunt, 2011, p.299) and that they would continue to discuss the big decisions among the three of them. At the same time, they decided to clarify their individual roles to ensure clear responsibility and accountability among the management and leadership of the company. The main aim is to simplify the leadership structure and speed up decision making. Thus, Larry Page leads product development and technology strategy, his greatest strengths; and as Google’s Chief Executive Officer is also in charge of the company’s day-to-day operations. Sergey Brin as co-founder focuses on strategic projects and new products, while the previous CEO Schmidt â€Å"serves as executive chairman working externally on deals, partnerships, customers, an d government outreach† (Schermerhorn et al, 2011, p.299). The company’s leadership is confident that this focused approach would serve Google and its users well in the future. It is acknowledged that Page’s taking over the company’s management is at an ideal time. Google’s business is doing well, with the revenues of $29.3 billion showing an increase of 24% from the previous year, and profits rising high. However, the concern is for the future rather than for the present. There is a sense that Google’s best days may be over, with the company facing tough competition from Facebook and Microsoft, and losing top talent to younger tech shops.

Nuclear Weapons & Cold War Essay Example for Free

Nuclear Weapons Cold War Essay 1) How did nuclear weapons affect the course of the cold war? The Cold War period of much conflict and tension was between the United States and the Soviet Union, along with their respective allies, was from the middle of the1940s until the early part of the 1990s. The building up of nuclear weapons was maybe, the most important of the many arenas that the rivaling countries played in. It became known as the nuclear arms race or the â€Å"competition for supremacy† The discovery that uranium was a plenty around the world shortly after the second world ar, helped to solidify the nuclear monopoly held by both the United States and USSR. While the United States had their own resources for uranium, they soon discovered that Eastern Europe was providing a steady supply to the Soviets, until they could develop a source of their own. The United States, who had predicted that the USSR would not have any nuclear weapons until the mid-1950s, was massively surprised when the Soviets detonated their first bomb â€Å"Joe One† on August 29, 1949. It was much like the bomb that the US had dropped on Japan in 1945 nown as the â€Å"Fat Man†. From that point on both governments devoted massive amounts of money, time and resources to increasing their nuclear arsenals. First off, it was the hydrogen bombs and then next came the Intercontinental ballistic missile or â€Å"ICBMs† as they are known. And on Oct. 4, 1957 the Soviet Union launched the â€Å"Sputnik†, the US followed with their own on Oct. 31, 1959. During this period of innovation, the world became nervous and scared; they discovered just how vulnerable they were. Large underground bunkers were built to save the presidents and he leadership of the nations, individuals were encouraged to construct fallout shelters and they were often taught how to react in the case of a nuclear attack. When both sides realized that any attack upon the other would be suicide for themselves as well, a new policy know as the â€Å"Mutually Assured Destruction† was adapted, and this would, in theory restrain both sides from attacking one another. â€Å"The number of nuclear weapons held by the two superpowers during the Cold War increased drastically because of the need for a first strike and later a second strike force. The highest numbers of nuclear warheads held by these powers was approximately 12,000 for the USSR and 10,000 by the US. This many nuclear weapons has the potential to destroy life on earth more than 1,500 times over† http://www. pwc. k12. nf. ca/coldwar/plain/armsrace. html. And yet, both sides kept exploring and spending large amounts of money and resources on developing nuclear weapons. In many respects, the stockpiling of these weapons was by far the most important contribution made to the world during the cold war period, than any other resource added by any other country. 2) Why has the European Union found it so difficult to achieve political, social and economic integration amongst the member states?  Shortly after the Second World War at the University of Zurich, Winston Churchill gave a speech that called for a â€Å"United States of Europe† and the creation of a â€Å"Council of Europe†. This council became the oldest organization in favor of European integration since 1949. But, in spite all the enthusiasm of the European citizens, the Council’s idea of integration has struggled for many reasons. One of the main reasons is because at the same time as the evelopment of the council another â€Å"European Union† was being formed. This Union was made up of twenty-seven European countries. It was established as the European Economic Community in 1957 under the Treaty of Rome and has undergone many changes since, most notably in 1992 by the Maastricht Treaty†. At first this Union was a welcome relief, growth and restructure was happening over night. The European Union was founded upon a number of treaties, and their laws cover a wide range of topics. Both, a legislative branch and the Parliament govern them. And the politics of he European Union primarily covered the economy. However, there is still a disagreement on how far the Union should expand. Because of the disagreement, the integration and expansion of the European Union has been slow since the end of the cold war period. Enlargement or expansion, together with the signing of new treaties, are seen by some as parallel processes, vital to the Union’s welfare. To many this is known as the bicycle theory. â€Å"The European Union is often compared to a bicycle: if it stops moving forwards it will fall over. The bicycle theory also applies to multilateral trade talks†. Bounds, Andrew (2007). Brussels blog: Bicycle wobbles on the way to Doha, Financial Times. And like most trade talks, both parties want to come out ahead in the end. Thus, the ongoing integration of the European Union and its member states are becoming contested on the grounds that it reduces it’s members national sovereignty too much. Politically, the Union struggles because neither they’re laws or their political theory offer the concept of a democracy. Their attitudes remain fixed by the idea of a nation state organization and its people. Socially, this makes them still behind the times. Economically, They struggle with the different economic and resource levels of each of the member states. All these along with the concept of Euroscepticism, or better known as the opposition to the process of European integration, the Union continues to move forward and yet has been forced to make changes to its policies. Amid the post war trauma, the European Union has become a beacon for organized political growth and upbringing. And today, in spite all the worldwide turmoil and confusion, The Union still spreads forth it’s hand in every effort to encourage global peace and umanitarian aid to its member states.  There is no set standard in the process of integration, but today there is a new focus on the complex policy making of the European Union. 3) What was `containment` and how did it influence US cold war thinking? The word containment means to isolate or to make stagnate. In the terms of the cold war, it refers to the foreign policies adapted by the United States under the direction of George Kennan. In the beginning, their policy was to stop all of the outside nations from moving politically towards Soviet Union communism and to ensure that the United States continued to ave, what they thought would be, the upper hand. For ideology as we have seen taught them that the outside world was hostile and that it was their duty to overthrow the political forces beyond their borders. (X[Kennan], Foreign Affairs, 1947). They hoped that ultimately in the end thecontainment policies would cause the fall of the Soviet Union and its ally nations. Back in the early days of history, containment was accomplished with the use of brute force or tactics much like an army taking over a castle and then came the use of treaties and political policies, thus being the cold war period. Today this is often accomplished by politically using severe sanctions, as in the United States’ dealings with Iraq and Iran. Espionage and sabotage are other ways of creating a containment among a group of people or nations. During the United States’ cold war containment period the policies adapted by President Truman experienced some major setbacks through the opposition of the Soviet Union, and by the Time the United States pulled out of the Vietnam war and the Koran conflict, there wasn’t mush credit given to the containment policies and ideas, anymore. So the United States started a new heory of â€Å"detente† or peaceful co-existence. Until the election of Ronald Reagan this was a believable concept. President Regan believed that the containment policies did not expand far enough, He felt uneasy about the weapons being held by the foreign nations. He wanted new missiles, placed in Europe to help the United States to become immune to the first strike concept. His new policies become highly controversial and very unpopular in many of the surrounding foreign countries. In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed under the direction of Gorbachev and the wanted nd result of the original containment policy had been achieved, this marked the official close of that policy. All though, the US still keeps its military and missile bases in the areas around the former Soviet Union, â€Å"just to be on the safe side they say†, many events have effected the world and the current containment policies. As of 2005, the United States are listed as having at least 700 military bases around the world, like the ones in Iceland and Germany. Some up to date estimates suggest that the real number is much higher.

Jesus Christ As The Redeemer And Savior Religion Essay

Jesus Christ As The Redeemer And Savior Religion Essay I believe the doctrine of Salvation focuses on Jesus Christ as the redeemer and savior of the world. God sent Gods Son into the world to seek and save that which was lost (Luke19:10).Scripture is filled with accounts of the revelation of God breaking into human life as a surprising gift and unsettling commission. The word revelation is used in different contexts, some are trivial and others are serious. Revelation has to do with the knowledge of God and ourselves that is surprising and disturbing because it is an event that shakes us to the core. Jesus came to earth fully God and fully human to offer himself as the ultimate sacrifice for our sin rejoining us to God who created us. The New Testament scriptures declare Jesus came as God (John 1:1; Hebrews 1:8) and man. Jesus is Lord, but Jesus lived among us as man that we might know that God is tangibly concerned about the totality of our deprived [or depraved?]human existence. Through faith in Jesus Christ humanity now enters into the same relationship with God that Jesus enjoyed prior to, during and after his earthly ministry. As the second person in the Godhead, Jesus Christ offers humanity hope for a restored existence on earth as well as hope for life and death. Jesus death and resurrection represents for all Christians the perfect hope that we are created by an all-loving God who does not desire to destroy creation, but sustain it eternally. We no longer need to fear an eternal death or separation from God. For God so loved the world that God gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life (John 3:16). His name shall be called Jesus for He shall save his people. Salvation is the greatest manifestation of Gods power. Creation was a great work of God; it was His breath, God spoke and it was done. But, when it came to our salvation He had to give more than His breath; He gave His blood (Acts 20:28). I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God and the only way to God, and that Jesus died on the cross for my sins and rose from the dead for my justification. I believe salvation is an individual act; we accept Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior, we believe in our heart and confess our sins. I believe that true salvation simultaneously includes justification, regeneration, and sanctification. I believe that regeneration is a supernatural work of the Holy Spirit, which is beyond human comprehension (John 3:1-5), where humankinds old physical nature is born a new spiritual nature for the sake of having the potential to enter into the kingdom of God (John 3:3-7; Titus 3:5). I believe in the work of regeneration, the Holy Spirit is the initiating force for change and life for the believer. It is the spirit that quickens, the flesh profits nothing, the words that I speak unto you, they are spirit, and they are life. (John 6:63) He saved us by the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit. (Titus 3:5) I believe that the true outcome or sign of regeneration is manifested in righteous attitude, conduct, and good works,(1 Corinthians 6:19-20; Ephesians 5:17-21; Philippians 2:12; Colossians 3:16-17; 2 Peter 1:4-10). The work of regeneration is spiritual conversion accomplished without delay, and it is accomplished through the power of the Holy Spirit, which is prompted through an individuals response by faith to the Word of God or the voice of the Son of God (John 5:24-25). The manifestation of evidence can be accomplished by or while the believer transitions from the initial conversion experience, to becoming more like the image of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ (2 Corinthians 3:18). As soon as we are regenerated the Holy Spirit gives us a changed mind and attitude, a new heart, as well as new spirit. Thus, we are no longer slaves to ungodliness and worldly lust, but we live soberly, walking in the light and in the spirit so that we do not fulfill the lusts of the flesh or the old nature. I believe justification is to be distinguished from regeneration in that while regeneration is the change of the sinners nature by the Holy Spirit, justification is the change of the sinners standing by a declarative act of God in which sins are remitted and the sinner is freed from condemnation. Justification is the expression of Gods judicial function. Justification proceeds on the imputing or crediting to the believer by God himself of the perfect righteousness, active and passive, of his representation and surety, Jesus Christ. For it is with your heart that you believe and are justified, and it is with your mouth that you confess and are saved. (Romans 10:10) Justification is not forgiveness of a man without righteousness, but a declaration that he possesses a righteousness which perfectly and forever satisfies the law, namely, Christ righteousness (2 Corinthians 5:21;Romans 4:6-8). Sanctification is the believers spiritual experience, beginning with the renewed birth that occurs at the believers conversion experience, which is sometimes called being born-again. It is during this new birth experience that the instantaneous act of sanctification begins its work. Jesus Christ, even though he was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin (Hebrew 4:15), which makes Jesus the perfect example of someone being able to live free from all moral impurity within the presence of temptation and worldly evil. And Jesus prayed, And for their sakes I sanctify myself, that they also might be sanctified through the truth (John 17:19). I believe that election is the act of God by which, before the foundation of the world, God chose salvation (offered freely), to those who would believe on his name, whom God graciously regenerates, saves, and sanctifies, justifies and glorifies, (Romans 8:28-30; 2 Thessalonians 2:13; 2 Timothy 2:10; 1 Peter 1:1-2). The purpose of Gods grace includes the means of receiving the gift of salvation (John 1:16) and the gift itself, which is the only begotten son of the Father full of grace and truth (John 1:14). I believe that election has a two-fold call, meaning all whom God calls to Godself will respond by faith, and all who come in faith as a response to the whosoever will invitation God will also gladly receive (John 6:37-40, 44; John 1:12; Acts 13:48: James 4:8). The grace of God is considered to be a great doctrinal truth, because according to Ephesians 1:4 it has been Gods plan for man before the creation of this world and it is also considered to be the core of our relationship with God. I believe our election is through His Grace. Election according to the foreknowledge of God, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: grace unto you, and peace, be multiplied. (1 Peter 1:2) I believe election is Gods gracious purpose for humankind to obtain eternal life. His purpose also includes His good pleasure for the elect to experience regeneration, justification, sanctification, and glorification. It is the glorious demonstration of Gods sovereign goodness, which leaves man no room to boast, but should embrace humility. I believe our salvation is through Gods grace, because of Gods great love for us, he shows mercy by forgiving our transgressions and sins. Instead of the death that we should rightly receive as a reward for our sins we are made alive with Christ. Only Christ can deliver us the penalty of death and restore us to Divine favor and give everlasting life (John 3:16-19; I John 5:10-12).

Importance of Fear in The Lord of the Flies Essay -- Lord of the Flies

Importance of Fear in The Lord of the Flies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The boys in the book, The Lord of the Flies, are controlled by their fear of the beast.   This fear is not of the beast itself, but of the unknown. It comes from not knowing whether or not a beast exists.    The children start as one united group.   They are a community in their own.   Slowly, rules started to get broken, individuals began to leave, and the group broke apart.   The one thing that causes this break-up is the beast. The beast means different things to everyone, but each boy is afraid of it.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All of this fear starts at one of the very first assemblies when a littlun says that he saw a beastie in the forest.   "Now he says it was a beastie" (35).   Everyone is already a little afraid of being on the island alone, without any adults, but this makes them even more scared.   Ralph, the chosen leader, feels this fear and notices it among the other boys.   He tries to reassure the others as well as himself with, "You couldn't have a beastie, a snake-thing, on an island this size.   You only get them in big countries, like Africa, or India" (36).   He continues trying to ease the fear by ending the conversation of beasties with, "...I tell you there is no beast" (36).   In addition, Ralph tries to have an optimistic look on rescue, and talks of fun on the island to help the children stay calm.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jack and Ralph continue discussing the issue of fear, without the littluns present, to avoid frightening them further.   Mostly they discuss how the littluns scream out in their dreams because they are so afraid.   Simon joins in on one of their conversations on page 52:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "'As if it wasn't a good island.'   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ast... ...      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By the end of the novel, it is not the beast that has driven the boys to savagery; it is their fear of the beast.   Most of the boys try to deal with their fear by pushing it away, but it is always in the back of their minds, controlling every move they make.   They do not know whether or not there is a beast on the island.   They are afraid of the unknown.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   Works Cited. Baker, James R. "Why It's No Go." Critical Essays on William Golding. Ed. James R. Baker. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1988. Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. London: Faber and Faber, 1958. Hynes, Samuel. "William Golding's Lord of the Flies." Critical Essays on William Golding. Ed. James R. Baker. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1988. Moody, Philippa. Golding: Lord of the Flies, a critical commentary. London: Macmillan, 1964.         

Low Savings :: essays research papers

Americans on average, save less than 1% of their after-tax income today compared with 7% at the beginning of the 1990s. U.S. citizens are saving less because, of the higher cost of housing and interest rates. Many homeowners believe that rising real estate values give them the necessary savings they would otherwise have set aside. The housing boom, like the stock market boom before it, allowed Americans to save without having to reduce consumption. As the value of their assets rise, people naturally feel richer. Consumer spending has held up not because incomes have risen, but because consumers have taken on more debt, mostly by borrowing against rapidly rising housing prices. The marginal propensity to consume is affected by consumer confidence and interest rates as they affect the rate of return on savings. With fewer dollars available as savings to banks and other financial institutions, interest rates are higher for both savers and borrowers than they would otherwise be. That makes it more costly to finance investment in factories, equipment, and other goods, which slows growth in the GDP. The lower savings rate meant a higher consumption rate, which stimulates more spending, more income, and thus more spending, in a self-feeding process known as the multiplier effect. People do not save for the sake of saving. They save to spread consumption over their lives. Also the U.S. has a consumer culture, with consumers always having to â€Å"keep up with the Joneses† Kids seem entitled to deserving goods that other kids own. Since consumers will be spending more rather than saving, equilibrium GDP will not be balanced. Unemployment and inflation will occur since low spending by investors does not balance the low savings rate of consumers. Our high consumption, low savings economy has worked only because our European and Asian allies have been willing to save and produce more than they consume.

A Separate Peace: the Incident at the Tree

Nicole Tu Mr. Lavato English 2A, Period 1 10 September, 2012 The Incident at the Tree In the novel, A Separate Peace by John Knowles, Gene Forrester and Phineas, also known as Finny, are best friends who have a very deep friendship. However, as the story progresses, Gene began to develop feelings of jealousy for Finny when he saw how perfect Finny’s character is. Finny has always been able to talk his way out of trouble and is naturally a good athlete who is earnest, confident, & pure.On the other hand, Gene cannot be pure like Finny and feels insecure. Seeing how good Finny is, caused Gene to become jealous, â€Å"I was beginning to see that Phineas could get away with anything, I couldn’t help envying him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (ch2. 20) Soon, Gene thinks that a rivalry is happening between them. Because Gene envies Finny’s character, he thinks that Finny is also jealous of him for his good academic performance, â€Å"I felt better. Yes, I sensed it like the sweat of relief †¦We were even after all†¦ The deadly rivalry was on both sides after all. †(ch4. 4). By thinking there is a competition between them, Gene feels at ease, because none of them is better than the other. One night, Finny announced that Leper will jump off the tree, in order to become a full member of their secret society. Gene didn’t want to go because he feared his grade would slip if he didn’t study and also thinks that Leper wouldn’t dare to jump off the tree. After hearing from Gene that he wanted to study, Finny was surprise because he thought that Gene was naturally intelligent, who doesn’t need to review for a test.With sincerity, Finny lets Gene study, but Gene changed his mind and would come along with Finny. On the way to the tree,Gene realizes that a competition never happened and it was just Gene that was envious of Finny. Because Gene saw Finny's goodness and innocence, Gene realizes a rivalry with Finny will never occur. Gene began to feel angry with himself because he has been mistaken the whole time. Most importantly, no matter what Gene does he will never be like Finny. †¦there never was and never could have been any rivalry†¦I am not the same quality as he. †(ch4. 72) After much thinking, Finny and Gene soon reached the tree and Finny suggested that the two make a double-jump, which Gene agreed to do and followed Finny up the tree. Gene was by now, feeling anger ; jealously, and for a split second, he became overwhelm with his emotions and jounced the tree limb. With the lost of balance, Finny fell off the tree and broke his leg.

Equus Performance Commentary

On paper, Peter Shaffer's Equus is extraordinarily vivid piece of literature. Onstage, it is a visually engaging masterpiece, where the complexity of breathing life into characters and settings by the perfected interplay between actors and the stage is an enthralling and emotional experience for all those involved. Like all theatric successes, Equus has endured various convoluted productions of the magnificent original, sometimes succeeding, and sometimes failing, to poke and prod the audience into thinking-questioning- imagining. A handful of directors have fallen prey to the vicious desire present within all of us: to turn a play into real life; to make it relatable to surroundings we are so familiar with. Those who do- fail; fail to understand the concepts that Equus strives to imbibe in its readers. Equus is not a pretty fairy tale dressed in the tattered rags of disillusionment, Equus is macabre and bare, miserly in its pity for a naive audience that likes to think itself jaded. In Shaffer's words, â€Å"Upstage, forming a backdrop to the whole, are tiers of seats in the fashion of a dissecting theatre†¦ In these] sit the audience†. If one allows their imagination to roam as it will (and definitely as Shaffer wished it to be) the audience will form a rather imposing backdrop, hundreds of eyes that look down upon the tormented actors and silently, quietly, judge. Eyes are an important recurring motif in Equus: those of Equus, Alan's jealous God, that perpetually watch Alan are emulated by the h orse-actors and the audience that view the stage from above and the sides. Not only is the judging audience meant to be a sort of stand-in for God, but they also represent the masses; the forever judging, cruel, intransigent and sentient being that is society. The stage that the audience looks down is sparse, and movable. This allows the â€Å"square of wood set on a circle of wood† to be rotated, to mimic the various settings as needed: Alan's house, the stable, Dysart's office, and the field where Alan performs ecstatic and ritualistic worship. Shaffer describes the rail that surrounds the wooden square as â€Å"[resembling] a railed boxing ring†. This boxing ring has been interpreted in many different ways, one critic compares Alan and Dysart as competitors of a sort, â€Å"the boxing ring [fits in with] the intimate contest in which psychiatrist and patient are locked†. In a play whose protagonist strives for freedom, the boxing ring may also represent the inevitable battle against society and the â€Å"reality principle† that Alan's worship will lose, a â€Å"ritualized public combat†. The rails represent bondage, chains, turmoil, and signify to the audience the tension, conflict and the unsatisfactory conclusion to Equus. Simply seeing them onstage is enough to subliminally communicate to the viewers the angst and epic struggle between right and wrong within the play. The benches that seat the other actors in Equus: the horses, Alan's parents, the nurse, Dalton, Jill, are significant in the fact that the actors never leave them- unless they are called upon stage. They sit and watch the play along with the audience, and play the role of society in Alan's life. They too, judge Alan, they judge his worship, and they condemn it. The horse masks that are hung behind the stage once again provide the images of eyes, the eyes of God, that watch and mark Alan as one of their own. The actors that play the horses, when not in character, join the crowd that watch on in distaste as Alan passionately, ecstatically, communes with his God. Different directors have taken Alan's â€Å"God† to skyrocketing and plunging levels of meaning simply by dressing the horses differently. The initial production of Equus (directed by John Dexter) had the horses dressed in â€Å"tracksuits of chestnut velvet†, with â€Å"light strutted hooves, about four inches high†. The hooves (or â€Å"hoofs† as Dexter called them) have been a staple in all versions of Equus, but directors have taken liberties with the tracksuits and gloves of chestnut velvet that Shaffer prescribes. Some productions have well muscled, bare-chested men portraying the horses, with â€Å"strapping to suggest bridles†, whereas in others, the actors playing the horses were completely nude, adhering to Alan's notion that â€Å"The horse isn't dressed. It's the most naked thing you ever saw! † The nudity of the horses also creates an atmosphere of homoeroticism and homosexuality, which some critics have interpreted as the true source of conflict in Alan's life instead of religion. Peter Shaffer was deliberately trying to create imposing, menacing figures when he created the horses, not â€Å"the cozy familiarity of a domesticated animal†. The actors, he wrote, â€Å"must never crouch on all fours, or even bend forward† He insisted that all the motions of a horse must be created â€Å"mimetically†, through movements of various body parts. The actors who play the horses undergo vast amounts of training, and most commonly comprise of dancers, used to swaying movements and odd body contortions. Not only did Shaffer decide to distance his horses (who may even be called gods) from animals by having the actors playing them stand upright, but also by not giving them paper Mache horsey-jokey heads. The horse masks used in Equus are â€Å"tough masks made of alternating bands of silver wire and leather†. These huge, regal and god-like caricatures of horse heads enable the actors to toss and turn them with equine ease. Created by Dexter, they were deemed â€Å"risky† by Shaffer as they projected a double image: the horses head, and the clearly seen actor's head underneath it. Shaffer was eventually convinced by Dexter, who argued that Shaffer's Equus was about a double image and then horse masks would simply be a physical manifestation of it. As with the horses, directors have indulged themselves in taking liberties with the lighting of the play, although the instructions are not as rigorous for the lighting as it is for the horses. Some directors have used colored lighting to evoke a rich, captivating scene for Alan's memories, and bleak, white lighting for the scenes which take place in Dysart's office. Shaffer himself describes the lighting for Jill and Alan in the stables as â€Å"anti-erotic†, it is meant to be a dissection of a troubled mind, not an excitingly pornographic remembrance. The lighting is used to its best effect when Alan blinds the horses, the â€Å"cones† of light that surround the â€Å"archetypal† the horses out of a nightmare, creates an eerie, haunting image of light flashing on the flowing masks, an image truly out of a nightmare. Most interesting of all though, is the actual dissection of Alan and the tantalizingly concealed hints that clue the audience in too late: that Equus is a story told by Dysart. He is the only actor to ever address the audience, and the odd flashbacks and strange time lapses make sense†¦ f one were to consider them happening in Dysart's memory. The fact that we are seeing Alan through Dysart's eyes changes the way we view Alan. We grow to pity him, feel empathy for him, and even envy him. This is not because Alan is a genuinely compelling character (his story told from the viewpoint of Dysart's associates, perhaps, would cause the audience to turn against him), but because Dysart envies him and admire s him and views Alan positively, as something good, something worthy of sympathy. The story being told from Dysart's point of view also makes it seem more like a psychological detective story, complete with a crime, clues, and a whydunnit conclusion. Peter Shaffer's dramatic psychological thriller, Equus, is definitely the sum of all of its parts. A glorious mix of suspense, drama and pure controversy, Equus comes alive to the audience in a provokingly tangible way as a shimmering, stomping, tossing deity.

Role of Power in Policy Development and Implementation Research Paper

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Megaloblastic anaemias - Essay Example An absence of this factor is the most cause of pernicious (megaloblastic anemia).Children inherits this condition, when this condition happens low level of factors produce symptom of juvenile pernicious anemia in the children's less than age of 10. (Intelihealth). Nyhans syndrome or Lesch-Nhyan syndrome is a disroder that is caused the deficiency of an enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phophoribosyltransferase(HGPRT). Lack of this enzyme, the human body to restrict the utilization of vitamin B12 leading to megaloblastic anemia. (Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome). Apart from cobalamin and folate deficiency, the molecular basis for the megaloblastic anemia is in the failure in the syntheisis and assembly of DNA. (Megaloblastic anemia). Other causes unclude cytotoxic drugs that interfere with DNA synthesis. Alcoholosim, preganancy, fish tapeworm infestation, faliure to replicate chromosomes due to lack of the nucletide thymidine and the disrution of intestinal flora due to antibiotic uses are some of the other causes of megaloblastic anemia. (Megaloblastic anemia). Anecdotal evidence suggests that in all cases of megaloblastic anaemia caused by deficiency of Vitamin B12 or folate, the patients will have an elevated MCV and a high HDW (Siemens, 2007). In cases of chemotherapy induced macrocytosis, the patients should have a normal or raised HDW (Siemens, 2007). ... The tests that are used to diagnose megaloblastic anemia primarily are routine tests like a blood test which included both complete blood count (hemoglobin and hemocrit) (Perinicous anemia). Very large oval blood cells and the presence of abnormally shaped neutrophils are indication of megaloblastic anemia. The physician enquires about complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedure for the disorder. The physical exam include: 1) checking for pale or yellowish skin and a red and smooth tongue; 2) Listening of the heart to check the rapid heartbeat or murmur; 3) feeling the abdomen to check the size of the liver. (Pernicous anemia) Vital tests are also done to check the vitamin B12 level, folic acid. Homocysteine is high in anemia due to lack of cobalamin. The level of methymalonic acid is also high in anemia due to lack of vitamin B12 or folate. Other blood tests include the presence of intrinsic factor antibodies and parietal cell antibodies. The levels of bilirubin, potassium or cholesterol in the blood are also confirmed. The serum iron and the iron binding capacity are also checked. Reticulocytes count is also checked to conform if the bone marrow is producing RBCs at a proper rate. The reticulocyte number is low in patients suffering from Pernicious anemia. (Pernicous anemia) A schilling test is one of the very important tests that are being carried out in patients with this disorder. This test is done to detect the vitamin B12 absorption. Cobalamin levels are measured after the ingestion of radioactive Vitamin B12. In a normal scenario, the ileum absorbs more than the body and excreted out in urine but when a patient has megaloblastic anemia, he

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Sport in high schools and colleges - Essay Example On the basis of those studies, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Knight Commission have been taking different steps at different times to bring order in sport education. Thus, tougher academic standards for student athletes and a certification program for athletics departments were introduced. Though the new academic standards are not always fair to student athletes – in some cases they are required to do more than students not involved in college sport life. Some states adopted no pass – no play policy to enhance academic achievements of student players. With institution of tougher academic standards and new support programs in 1996 graduation rates began improving and more student athletes appeared to earn degrees – in 2002, 62 per cent of Division I athletes who had enrolled six years earlier graduated. (Although the proportions were up in 2003, only 54 percent of Division I-A football players and 44 percent of basketball players graduated (Price, 2004)). Drug use can enhance an athlete's performance as well as impair it and possibly lead to injury. In the case, Vernonia School District v. Acton, student athletes in Oregon were required to take a urine test for amphetamines, marijuana and cocaine at the beginning of the season. In addition, random tests on 10 percent of all student athletes were conducted each week during the season. School officials said they instituted the policy because students were openly boasting of using drugs, and disciplinary problems had increased. But there is still no consensus on whether high school athletes should be subject to random drug testing as a condition for playing interscholastic sports (Worsnop, 1994). College sports has become a $4-billion-a-year enterprise, and the elite football and basketball teams - mostly those in the Atlantic Coast, Big East, Big 10, Big 12, Pac-10 and Southeastern conferences - earn multimillion-dollar profits for their universities (Price, 2004). Here rises a problem - who gets the money and how to distribute it equally between management and players. It was suggested to develop a certification or peer-review program for Division I sports departments. Proponents of peer review say it will keep the college sports reform movement alive by forcing Division I schools to engage in periodic soul-searching. However, it may take years to pass

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Organizational Behavior in Walmart - Essay Example According to the paper long before the inception of Wal-Mart, Sam Walton toured across the country and making a study of everything he came across that was related to discount retailing. The more he studied about it he was increasingly convinced that consumers in America needed a different kind of store. Therefore, Sam trusted his instincts and together with his wife Helen, pumped in about 95% of the money in Rogers, Ark for his very first Wal-Mart store in 1962 and by 1972, there were a total of 15 Wal-Mart stores across the country. In fact, it was in 1972 that Wal-Mart stock began for the first time on the New York Stock Exchange. By the end of the decade the company expanded to 276 stores scattered over 11 states. This growth was primarily due to the infusion of capital over the years. In 1983, the Wal-Mart store came of age as it expanded into â€Å"Sam’s Club member’s warehouse. In 1988, the first Wal-Mart supercenter was established, a complete grocery store com prising of 36 separate departments for general merchandise. By the year 1989, the Wal-Mart business boomed by way of 1402 stores and 123 locations for Sam’s Clubs. The rate of employment escalated 10 fold as the growth of sales shot up from $1 billion during the 1980’s to $ 26 billion in the years that followed. Currently, Wal-Mart is considered to be one among the world’s best and most successful retailers of the 21st century, with approximately 8,100 stores employing around 2.1 million employees and associates who serve approximately 176 million customers each year. From what we know of the history of Wal-Mart, that is not doubt that it could be a perfect example in portraying how the company manages its growth by always keeping its values insight.  

Why did revolution in Russia succeed in February 1917 Essay Example for Free

Why did revolution in Russia succeed in February 1917 Essay In the Russian Revolution of 1905 there was a clear distinction between revolutionary and reformist ideologies. Such ideological divisions were exploited by the Tsarist government and resulted in the pacification of the liberals and the peasants, and the crushing of the proletariat by the loyal armed forces. In marked contrast, the February Revolution of 1917 exhibited a larger, stronger and more united opposition to Tsarism which, combined with the defection of the armed forces, was able to succeed in toppling the Tsar and his autocratic regime. The switching loyalty of the armed forces and the greater unity in February 1917 were consequences of three interrelated factors: the First World War; actions of the Tsar; and grave political discontent. Whilst the Russo-Japanese War, a precursor to the 1905 Revolution, did not break the faith of the armed forces, the sheer scale and severity of the First World War proved fundamental in altering their allegiances. It is important to recognise that the loyalty of the army to the Tsar in 1905 was crucial in defeating the proletariat revolutionaries – as evidenced by the suppression of the Moscow Uprising. By 1917 the army was so irreparably disillusioned that their loyalty no longer resided with the Tsar. The reasons for such disillusionment lie in the disastrous nature of the Russian war effort. First and foremost, military defeats at the Battle of Tannenberg, and the loss of Russian Poland to the Germans, had devastating effects on soldier morale. Such morale was also affected by how dangerously under-equipped the army was – there were, for example, a million more men than rifles. The enormous casualties from 1914-17 of almost two million, much greater than those of the Russo-Japanese War, also worked to rapidly diminish support for the Tsar. The defection of the army in February 1917, a culmination of such discontent and disillusionment, meant that the Tsar had no coercive weapon by which to stifle revolution. This consequently worked to make his abdication an inevitability. This is not the sole reason for the success of the February Revolution however. The actions of the Tsar, in relation to the war, also proved significant in alienating those traditionally loyal to him. In 1905 the Tsar was very much ‘behind the scenes’ – criticism towards him was not as sharply focussed as it was by 1917. In 1915, by appointing himself as Commander in Chief of the military, the Tsar managed to directly implicate himself in all war failures. This inextricable link between the Tsar and the war, strengthened by his incompetence as a military strategist, is a key factor as to why his previously loyal army defected, which, as discussed, led to the success of the February Revolution. The Tsar’s decision to take such a role helped alienate his other support bases as well such as the Liberals in the State Duma and the nobility. With Nicholas II assuming his new role in the military, the Tsarina Alexandra was left in charge of governing day-to-day affairs in Petrograd. This initially caused social and political unrest as the Tsarina’s German origins made her wildly unpopular and triggered allegations that she was aligned with the enemy. Her relationship with the mystic ‘mad monk’ Rasputin, and the considerable influence he seemed to wield over government affairs, fuelled further disaffection with the royal family and generated allegations that they were simply ‘marionettes’ with Rasputin pulling the strings. Rasputin’s harmful influence on the home front further damaged the Tsar’s reputation. In particular, by appointing Alexander Protopopov as Interior Minister, a request of Rasputin’s, the Tsar managed to exacerbate the economic dislocation caused by the war as Protopopov proved ineffective in managing his responsibility of allocating food supplies. The fact that Rasputin was ultimately killed by supporters of Tsarism is a testament to his unpopularity and the out-of-sync nature of the Tsar and Tsarina. Whilst not becoming ‘revolutionaries’, both the Liberals and the nobility viewed the Tsar as an obstacle for the survival on monarchic rule. In 1905 the Tsar managed to survive by appealing to the Liberals, thus dividing the opposition. The refusal of the Provisional Government (formed out of the State Duma) to share power with the Tsar, as the Revolution elevated and the army defected, meant that no such strategy could be repeated. Combined with the defection of the army, this doomed the Tsar. It was the Tsar’s actions in relation to the war which contributed to the Provisional Government’s decision. With the army refusing to crush the workers unlike in 1905, the Tsar’s only chance of survival lay with the Liberals in the State Duma who had formed the Provisional Government. As explored, the Provisional Government refused to cooperate with the Tsar in February 1917. This is partly due to an intensification of contempt felt towards the Tsar as a result of his actions during the war. It is also important to explore the political discontent felt by the Liberals post-1905 as a reason relating to their rejection of the Tsar. The Tsar had placated the Liberals in 1905 through the declaration of the October Manifesto, which promised them the constitutional monarchy they had aspired for. The dumas, whose power was restricted through the Fundamental Laws of 1906 and the strict criteria for the electorate, fell short of Liberal expectations. The Tsar’s inability to recognise the need for reform of some sort, illustrated by his dissolution of the progressive State Duma, further enhanced Liberal opposition to the Tsar. The Tsar had made it apparent that he was not interested in reform. Especially considering the backhanded nature of the political concessions which helped save him in 1905; by February 1917 any concessions made or offered would have been treated with great scepticism. The Liberals, in a sense, learned a lesson from the superficiality of the October Manifesto. After a plea to share power, the Tsar was refused by Mikhail Rodzianko, head of the Provisional Government, and the Tsar was subsequently advised by army chiefs and remaining ministers to abdicate. Unlike in 1905 where there was ideological disunity, exploited by the Tsar, in February 1917 there was a collective agreement across all groups in Russian society that the Tsar needed to be gone. To conclude, the Russian Revolution of 1905 failed as a result of the appeasement of the Liberals (and peasants), and the subsequent crushing of the proletariat by the loyal military. The February Revolution of 1917 succeeded on the grounds that, firstly, the army’s loyalties ‘no longer resided with the Tsar’, and secondly, that the Liberals wished not for compromise with the Tsar, but to overthrow him. The change in attitudes of these two groups, traditionally loyal to the Tsar, can be attributed primarily to the First World War and the Tsar’s actions. If the war wasn’t damaging enough to the Tsar, his decision to take a ‘front seat’ in military affairs further diminished his support from the army. With regards to the Liberals, there were ultimately no political concessions he could make to hold onto power. In the words of historian Edward Action – â€Å"by stubbornly refusing to reach any modus vivendi with the Progressive Bloc of the Duma Nicholas undermined the loyalty of even those closest to the throne [and] opened an unbridgeable breach between himself and public opinion.