Rudolf diesel

Rudolf Diesel was born on March 18, 1858 in Paris France the second of three children of Elise and Theodor diesel. Diesel spent is early childhood in France but because of the Franco-Prussian war in 1870 his family was forced to leave and moved to London. At 12 years old his parents sent him to live with his aunt and uncle because they wanted him to attend royal country trade school where his uncle was a math teacher and to become fluent in German. At age 14 he wrote a letter to his parents saying how he wanted to be an engineer after finishing his education at top f his class, and then he enrolled at the new industrial school of Augsburg.Two years later he received a merit scholarship to attend the Royal Bavarian Polytechnic of Munich which he accepted instead of listening to his parents and starting work. Diesel could not graduate in July 1879 because he fell ill to typhoid (a bacterial disease resulting from ingestion of food or water exposed to feces). While he was waiting to tak e his exam he got engineering experience at sluzer bros machine works. After graduating in 1880 diesel went to work for his college professor Carl Von Linde o develop a refrigeration and ice factory, and became the director of the plant one year later.In 1890 he moved to Berlin where he started working toward better fuel economy for steam engines, he tried using ammonia vapor to gain his desired fuel economy but the engine blew up during testing. Later he tried to increase fuel economy by using the Carnot cycle which led him to his own theory of compression ignition engines, in these engines the fuel was not put into the cylinder until the end of the compression stroke and the fuel was ignited by the high temperatures from ompression.He obtained multiple patents for his design in the United States and Europe. After boarding a boat in 1913 to attend a meeting he was missing when the boat docked. A couple days later they found his body in the ocean but let the body back to sea after g etting his id card and other things he was carrying. I think he was murdered because Hubert akroyd Stuart had put out a patent a couple years before diesel for a compression ignition engine but was told that diesels was slightly different so it was 0k. This is a clear motive for revenge!!

Free Essays on Germany And The Escalation Of WWI

The Great War began on August 3rd 1914, but was triggered on June 28th, when a member of the Serbian militant group called the "Black Hand," Gavrilo Princep, assassinated Austrian archduke Frances Ferdinand and his wife. The assassination was a result of the nationalism caused by the molding of the Yugoslavian provinces into Serbia. The Serbian government, which had a vested interest in the downfall of the Austrian Empire, was implicated as being involved in the plot and quickly became the reason for war. Though Germany declared war on France on August 3rd, it is important to remember that Russia was the first to mobilize, considered an act of war. This was quickly followed by France, and finally Germany. Though Germany was the most prepared for this war, they did not want to hurt their industry and did not want to fight a two front war. Austria, outraged with the assassination of the archduke, saw a chance to annex a critical portion of their new neighbor Serbia. The loosely held Empire was the last of its kind, and in danger of loosing its control. This was due to fierce nationalism in the Balkans, due to the occupation of Bosnia (Sarajevo). On July 13th, 1914, the Austrians made an ultimatum saying all Serbs must leave Albania. The Serbians were not willing to agree to a demand aimed at hurting their government, and immediately mobilized for war. On July 28th, three days after Yugoslavia refused to yield to their demands, the Austrians officially declared war. Austria’s only hesitation came in Yugoslavia’s defensive treaty with Russia, and for this Austria turned to Germany. Germany told Austria to begin the war, and if it evolved into a larger conflict they would support them. Clearly, Germany was not the instigator on this front. The following day, on July 29th, Russia began mobilization with the intent of protecting Yugoslavia from Austria. Tsar Nicholas II ruled the Russian Empire as an absolute monarch until ... Free Essays on Germany And The Escalation Of WWI Free Essays on Germany And The Escalation Of WWI The Great War began on August 3rd 1914, but was triggered on June 28th, when a member of the Serbian militant group called the "Black Hand," Gavrilo Princep, assassinated Austrian archduke Frances Ferdinand and his wife. The assassination was a result of the nationalism caused by the molding of the Yugoslavian provinces into Serbia. The Serbian government, which had a vested interest in the downfall of the Austrian Empire, was implicated as being involved in the plot and quickly became the reason for war. Though Germany declared war on France on August 3rd, it is important to remember that Russia was the first to mobilize, considered an act of war. This was quickly followed by France, and finally Germany. Though Germany was the most prepared for this war, they did not want to hurt their industry and did not want to fight a two front war. Austria, outraged with the assassination of the archduke, saw a chance to annex a critical portion of their new neighbor Serbia. The loosely held Empire was the last of its kind, and in danger of loosing its control. This was due to fierce nationalism in the Balkans, due to the occupation of Bosnia (Sarajevo). On July 13th, 1914, the Austrians made an ultimatum saying all Serbs must leave Albania. The Serbians were not willing to agree to a demand aimed at hurting their government, and immediately mobilized for war. On July 28th, three days after Yugoslavia refused to yield to their demands, the Austrians officially declared war. Austria’s only hesitation came in Yugoslavia’s defensive treaty with Russia, and for this Austria turned to Germany. Germany told Austria to begin the war, and if it evolved into a larger conflict they would support them. Clearly, Germany was not the instigator on this front. The following day, on July 29th, Russia began mobilization with the intent of protecting Yugoslavia from Austria. Tsar Nicholas II ruled the Russian Empire as an absolute monarch until ...

Comparison of Eisenhower, Johnson and Kennedy essays

Comparison of Eisenhower, Johnson and Kennedy essays Dwight Eisenhower demonstrated the least amount of leadership when it came to civil rights. He did appoint Earl Warren as Chief Justice and did not support the decision and believed that changing the law could not change the hearts of men. (Davidson 1146) He is probably remembered most for his support of Orval Faubus in the Little Rock Central High crisis. Eisenhower was forced to call in the National Guard to control the angry John Kennedy appointed several African Americans to federal courts but many of his hopes for civil rights were never achieved. After trying to settle an integration issue at the University of Mississippi by appealing to people, Kennedy had to send in federal troops to settle the rioting. However, by then two individuals had been killed. Things became more complicated with Martin Luther King defended civil disobedience. (1169) When King announced a march on Washington, Kennedy tried to dissuade him from it. When that proved impossible, Kennedy "made the march his own" (1170). His support did win him favor among African Americans but at the same time it distanced Kennedy from southern whites and other races in the north. Kennedy was in Dallas rallying support from southerners when he was Lyndon Johnson was the most successful when it came to legislation concerning civil rights. He was responsible for passing the Civil Right's Act of 1964, which prohibited discrimination in public places. This bill has been noted as one of the greatest moments in the history of American reform. (1171). In 1965, he sent the National Guard to protect a group of demonstrators who were gathered to walk from Selena to Montgomery, Alabama with Martin Luther King. In addition, the Voting Rights Act was passed in ...

Pre-modern Indian History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Pre-modern Indian History - Essay Example Taxila commanded the royal road which is the modern Kabul, formerly the valley of river Cophen connecting Gandhara to the kingdom of Magadha in the east. The Taxila town also commanded the Kashmir river valley up to the Indian Ocean in the south (Xinru, 21). Considering the command areas the Taxila held, it is believed that they also had rules over the land between Babylonia in the west and China in The East. During this ancient period, there was the Greek, Achaemenid and Kushan ages. In the Kushan age there were Sirsukh, Jaulian and the Mohra Moradu tribes (Edwin, 4). This paper will explain the establishment of the Kushans Empire and their numerous social, religious, economic and political engagements in the ancient Asian history. The Taxila Kushans In the early days, the Kushans were mainly nomads who belonged to the Yuezhi clan residing on the grasslands of the eastern Tarim Basin region, in present-day Gansu province in China (Xinru, 19). The Yuezhi tribe was believed to be comp rised of jade and horse traders who moved with their herd guarded by an estimated 100,000 to 200,000 military men. They were forcefully evicted from their original residence by the stronger Xiongnu tribe. Reports claim that they first migrated west and then south to Transoxiana a region north of Oxus River which is today referred to as Amu Darua (Xinru, 10). They further migrated to the Bactria region in the northern part of India. The Kushans of the Yuezhi clan were notably dominant creating a supreme rule over others tribes (William, 11). In the 1st century AD in the territories of ancient Bactria on both sides of the middle course of Oxus, the Kushans Empire under the leadership of king Kujula Kadphises was originally established after a successful invasion and control of the Bactria region. This was favored by the then existing rivalry between the Parthians and the scytho-Parthians (Xinru, 12). Through his enormous troops of military men, King Kujula Kadphises comfortably took c ontrol of the southern prosperous region which is the northwest part of ancient India traditionally known as Gandhara. Reports suggest that he rued the empire up to the year78 AD. On his death his able son Vima Taktu succeeded him and expanded the kingdom further in to the northwest part of south Asia. He later appointed and installed generals to these lands who were to exert the Kushan rule on the inhabitants (Smith, 45). Kujula Kadphises grandson Vima Kadphises took the helm of leadership after the death of his father in 95. He is credited with the greatest expansion of the Kushan Empire by acquiring vast lands that were to fall under the Kushan control. Reports claim that he expanded the lands to Afghanistan and North West India. Due to the empire expansion, some Kushans later relocated and settled in central Afghanistan and the northwest of the Indian subcontinent up to the lands of Saketa and Sarnath which are found on the Varanasi or Banares areas. It is also reported that the y held diplomatic relations with the Han of China, the Roman Empire and also the Sassanid Persia. During his reign, the Kushans are believed to have acquired a lot of wealth due to the connections and control they had over the Silk Road (Edwin, 24). His successor Kanishka 1 continued with the rule with records crediting him for his territorial administration from two capitals:

Components of Qualitative Approaches Assignment

Components of Qualitative Approaches - Assignment Example The three topics all involve the use of qualitative information. To investigate the political opinions of citizens of country A, a researcher has to set interviews that will convert the qualitative attributes into quantitative measures. For example, the interview may have questions like â€Å"Do the candidates you intend to vote for know your economic challenges?† The responses can be assigned numeric indices to measure their level of strength as shown in the example in the table below: While using interviews to gather information from the people, few challenges were met. Some of them were, only a small number of these interviews could take place because they vary in time (University of Portsmouth, 2010). Comparison of in-depth interviews may be difficult since the results may be unique. Due to the size of the sample, in this case, is small, the results are unlikely to be representative of a particular population. The interview process may be time-consuming, in terms of both data collection and analysis. There were many inconsistencies in the results due to bias amongst the people’s tastes and preferences. The following measures were recommended to be more effective in ways of collecting and interpretation of data especially through interviews. To avoid the inconsistencies, the data should be recorded in the agreed upon ways (Phil Rabinowitz, 2013) e.g. if the agreed upon way is using laptops, then laptops should be used to collect all results. Organization of the data is also a very important process that helps during the analysis. For example, the use of Geographical Information Systems is necessary especially when collecting data for investigating the political opinions of citizens based on different regions in that country.   

Engineering accomplishments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Engineering accomplishments - Essay Example When the seals are exposed to temperatures above 5000 0F, they are not able to withstand for an extended period. Therefore, there has a been the need to develop an engineering technology that would ensure that the temperatures emanating from the motor joints do not damage the O-rings. The development of the rocket motor joint with thermal barriers was a major 21st century breakthrough. It has ensured that the heat generated by the motor joints is contained. This paper places into perspective the development of the thermal barriers in the rocket motor joints and the benefits that the engineering technology has brought. High temperatures in rocket systems require a thermal barrier. An efficient thermal barrier is one that is composed of a carbon fiber, which forms the core while braided carbon fibers, forms part of the layers. The layers are usually found around the core. The protection of the components of the rocket that cannot bear high temperatures is very vital, for example the elastomeric O-rings seals both the primary and secondary ones requires to be protected against high temperatures(Patrick  et al 577). This made it possible to develop an innovation that will see efficiency in the rocket in order to make the work of space exploration easy and efficient. Additionally, the thermal barriers are required in any other machines, especially that require high efficiency and are used for extended periods. The development of the Rocket Motor Joint with thermal barrier was considered the NASA Government invention of the year in 2004 (National Aeronautics and Space Exploration 14). This is because of its capacity to withstand extremely high temperatures. The development was made in consideration of the current as well as future rocket motors, some of which have been under development. In addition, it is not limited to use in the motors since it can also be uses in other equipment such as industrial

The Atlantic Slave Trade Essay Example for Free

The Atlantic Slave Trade Essay The Atlantic Slave Trade had a both positive and negative impact on those involved in it to an extent. Britain’s economy benefited greatly from the slave trade as many industries flourished. This was an immense opportunity for those who were unemployed as it provided thousands of jobs. People were employed in industries like the building and repair of slave ships, selling the goods produced by slaves such as sugar and cotton, and banking. This resulted in the slave trade becoming the financial base of development of Britain. However, not everyone benefited from this trade as it had an enormous negative impact on Africa’s society and economy. The 37 years of slave capturing and exporting resulted in wars between tribes and drained Africa’s population of 12 million of its strongest youth. This resulted in Africa’s economic development in being hindered. For Africans the physical experience of slavery was painful, traumatic and long-lasting. Britain benefited from the slave trade in many ways including the economy, as slavery became part of the financial base of development in Britain. Many economic factors contributed to slavery including the demands of plantation farming, servant slaves and the growth of the slave trade as its own industry. Plantation farming emerged as a way to earn a profitable crop and dominated the southern colonies. In plantations African slaves worked in hundreds from dawn until dusk producing goods that supplied Britain. These goods consisted of sugar, cotton, tobacco and rum. All these crops were very labour intensive requiring hundreds of workers to preserve them. The British became the largest and most efficient carriers of slaves to the new world. Therefore huge profits were made by the labour of unpaid slaves. Liverpool and Bristol were the main trading ports in Britain, Liverpool alone made  £300,000 per year from the slave trade. Scotland was also heavily involved in the slave trade, Scots went out to colonies and generated great wealth for Scotland based on slave labour. Glasgow’s â€Å"Tobacco Lords† profited from the slave trade, as did the merchants of London, Liverpool and Bristol. The city of London catered the economic services that were necessary for the slave trade, this included insurance and loans for slave traders. F.G Kay wrote about the social changes that happened in Britain following the growth of the slave trade, in a book named â€Å"The Shameful Trade† published in 1967. He states â€Å"the slave trade created a new class of wealthy colonial  families†. Bristol merchants who were great dealers increased their trade with the islands of the Caribbean. They also became specialists in trading with West Africa and retailing captured slaves. The trade also created, sustained and relied on a large support of shipping services, ports and finance companies employing tho usands of ordinary people. Many slave ships were need and thousands of jobs were created through this. Jobs in making slave ships, repairing, financing and insuring all flourished. By 1780 Liverpool had become the largest slave-ship building site in Britain. This also provided thousands of sailors with work. . Insurance was one of the biggest industries during the slave trade, insurance and long term loans created new opportunities for making more money. Slave merchants and sugar plantation owners needed to borrow money to keep their businesses going. Merchants involved in the triangular trade found that insurance was vital because if their ship hit a storm during the voyage its cargo could be lost, and if that ship is not insured then they could lose everything. There were huge profits in selling the goods produced by slaves such as cotton, sugar and tobacco. Thousands of people were employed in factories to make exportable goods that were traded in for slaves in Africa these were guns, textiles and pottery. People were also employed in making brass and copper in Yorkshire, weavers in Birmingham, chain makers and sugar refiners in Greenock. The slave trade made Britain the world’s leading sea power and it helped finance the indus trial revolution. The British government made a fortune from the taxes related to the slave trade. Nonetheless not everyone profited from the slave trade, The Atlantic Slave Trade had enormous negative effects on the continent of Africa. Many parts of Africa suffered from an increase in violence, drain of people and an economy increasingly reliant on slavery. As a result of this Africa fell behind the rest of the world. Having fewer young healthy people to produce food would make famine more likely and the rates of death worse. Slavery led to the movement of thousands of people across Africa, allowing disease to spread between different parts of Africa. A lot of good land was left uncultivated and not looked after because there were not enough young people left to farm it. African slaves took with them their religion, traditions, cooking, clothes, music and dance. These had a negative impact on Americans  as it led to voodoo in the West Indies. The slave trade encouraged conflicts between African tribes, raids and kidnapping. The demand for more slaves led to increased hatred and violence between communities in Africa. There was also the spread of racist ideology to justify the enslavement of Africans. It is estimated that up to 12 million Africans were snatched from their homeland shipped to the Caribbean to work on plantations. Thousands of African villages were ruined as they were raided for slaves. The farming in Africa changed to grow crops which were brought to supply slave ships. African chiefs and kings stopped ruling by law as they became greedy cunning tradesmen. The 37 years of slave capturing and exporting drained Africa of millions of its strongest youth. As a result of this the population became unbalanced and the adult male population was reduced to 20%. Overall Africa was the only continent to be affected in this way, and because of the loss in population it became a major factor leading to its economic hardship. John Newton was a British slave trader in West Africa. In a small extract from his journal he comments on the immoral methods used between Africans and Europeans, he states â€Å"Europeans try to cheat Africans at every turn. Any article of trade that can be cheapened is so. Spirits are diluted with water, kegs of gunpowder have false bottoms and pieces are cut out of rolls of cloth†. In conclusion it is clear that Britain benefited from the Atlantic Slave Trade. We know this because of how it boosted the British economy as many industries grew, created thousands of jobs and supplied Britain with essential everyday life goods. We also know that colonies were established on the backs of hard-working African slaves. However not everyone benefited from the slave trade as it made Africa suffer greatly. Up to 12 million young strong Africans were forced out of their homelands and brought to the Caribbean to work without pay. Families separated and sold to go and work on plantations from dawn until dusk. Thousands of villages were wrecked because of the raiding for slaves. African leaders became dishonest, deceptive greedy tradesmen which resulted in Africa becoming corrupt.